Mohsen Daghooghi

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10657.1/2286

Dr. Mohsen Daghooghi is an Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering at University of Houston-Clear Lake. He earned his Ph.D. and Master of Science, both in mechanical engineering, from State University of New York at Buffalo. Daghooghi also received a Master of Science and Bachelor of Science, both in mechanical engineering, from University of Tehran in Tehran, Iran. He recently worked as a postdoctoral research associate at Texas A&M Experiment Station and The Research Foundation for The State University of New York, respectively. Daghooghi also worked as a teaching assistant for the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, also at State University of New York at Buffalo. Prior to that, he worked as a teaching instructor for the College of Engineering at University of Tehran in Tehran, Iran.

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The eﬀect of self-propulsion on the particle stress in dilute suspensions of rod-like particles
(European Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2017) Daghooghi, Mohsen
We compared a dilute suspension of undulating rod-like particles (active suspension) with a similar one consisting of rigid rods (passive suspension) under shear flow. For the active suspension, a synchronised group of swimmers propel themselves forward by passing a travelling wave through their bodies while at the same time rotate due to planar background shear flow. Using a high resolution immersed body numerical simulations, we have shown that an active particle can exhibit complex dynamics, which is fundamentally different from a similar passive one. The orientation of the active particle consists of two separate oscillations: a low-frequency oscillation similar to the passive particle (determined by shear rate) and a high-frequency oscillation due to the body undulations. Nevertheless, different dynamics did not result in a major difference in rheological behaviour of the suspension. We found that the effective viscosity of the active suspension is equal to that of a passive one, i.e. self-propulsion did not change the viscosity of the suspension probably because of the high shear rate and inertia of our simulations.
The eﬀects of irregular shape on the particle stress of dilute suspensions
(Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2018) Daghooghi, Mohsen
The irregular shape of particles in suspensions is typically approximated by simple geometries such as spheres or ellipsoids. We investigate the accuracy of such an approximation by comparing two irregular-shaped particles with different initial orientations against their equivalent spheroids in dilute volume fractions. Our results show that the average shear particle stress (and also intrinsic viscosity) of irregular particles can be 20 %–120 % higher than the maximum value of their geometric or kinematic equivalent spheroidal particles, and closer to spheroids with higher aspect ratios. We found that two geometric factors of an irregular shape, i.e., dimensionless surface-to-volume ratio and moment of inertia per unit volume (non-dimensionalized by the one-half the largest diameter of the particle), are correlated with the particle stress. In fact, the shear particle stress of a ring-shaped particle, which has a very large value of these factors, is five times larger than its equivalent spheroid. The correlation of these geometric factors with particle stress is further confirmed by considering two families of shapes (cylinder- and sphere-like particles). We also found that acceleration stress and especially Reynolds stress (stress mechanisms due to inertia) can have average values comparable to the stresslet term and effectively increase and decrease the absolute value of the first normal stress difference $N_{1}$ and second normal stress difference $N_{2}$ , respectively. However, their contribution to the shear particle stress is negligible. Our results pave the way to define better equivalent particles for irregular ones.
The hydrodynamic advantages of synchronized swimming in a rectangular pattern
(Bioinspiration & biomimetics, 2015) Daghooghi, Mohsen
Fish schooling is a remarkable biological behavior that is thought to provide hydrodynamic advantages. Theoretical models have predicted significant reduction in swimming cost due to two physical mechanisms: vortex hypothesis, which reduces the relative velocity between fish and the flow through the induced velocity of the organized vortex structure of the incoming wake; and the channeling effect, which reduces the relative velocity by enhancing the flow between the swimmers in the direction of swimming. Although experimental observations confirm hydrodynamic advantages, there is still debate regarding the two mechanisms. We provide, to our knowledge, the first three-dimensional simulations at realistic Reynolds numbers to investigate these physical mechanisms. Using large-eddy simulations of self-propelled synchronized swimmers in various rectangular patterns, we find evidence in support of the channeling effect, which enhances the flow velocity between swimmers in the direction of swimming as the lateral distance between swimmers decreases. Our simulations show that the coherent structures, in contrast to the wake of a single swimmer, break down into small, disorganized vortical structures, which have a low chance for constructive vortex interaction. Therefore, the vortex hypothesis, which is relevant for diamond patterns, was not found for rectangular patterns, but needs to be further studied for diamond patterns in the future. Exploiting the channeling mechanism, a fish in a rectangular school swims faster as the lateral distance decreases, while consuming similar amounts of energy. The fish in the rectangular school with the smallest lateral distance (0.3 fish lengths) swims 20% faster than a solitary swimmer while consuming similar amount of energy.
The inﬂuence of inertia on the rheology of a periodic suspension of neutrally buoyant rigid ellipsoids
(Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2015) Daghooghi, Mohsen
We investigate the rheological properties of a suspension of neutrally buoyant rigid ellipsoids by fluid–structure interaction simulations of a particle in a periodic domain under simple shear using the curvilinear immersed-boundary (CURVIB) method along with a quaternion–angular velocity technique to calculate the dynamics of the particle’s motion. We calculate all the different terms of particle stress for the first time for non-spherical particles, i.e. in addition to the stresslet, we calculate the acceleration and Reynolds stress, which are typically ignored in previous similar works. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions for all these terms to verify the numerical results and deduce the effect of inertia by comparing our numerical results with the analytical solution. The effect of particle Reynolds number ( ), volume fraction ( ), and the shape of particles has been studied on all mechanisms of stress generation, the intrinsic viscosity, and normal stress differences of the suspension for the range and . We found that inertia increases the shear and the second normal difference of the stresslet (dominant term of the particle stress), and decreases the first normal difference that is generated due to the strain field. The contribution of acceleration stress to the total stress is found to be important in the second normal stress difference, with a cycle-average comparable to the stresslet component. We also discovered that the contribution of Reynolds stress in the first normal stress difference becomes important even when inertia is as low as , and its value can be even greater than the stresslet when inertia increases, i.e. Reynolds stresses cannot be ignored for non-spherical particles. For concentrations in the range from dilute to semi-dilute, the effect of inertia on the intrinsic viscosity of a suspension is found to be comparable to the volume fraction. Furthermore, our calculations show that for a dilute concentration and the low-inertia regime ( ), the intrinsic viscosity of a suspension consisting of ellipsoids with an aspect ratio of five can be 20 % higher than its Stokesian analytical value.
Self-propelled swimming simulations of bio-inspired smart boxes
(Bioinspiration & biomimetics, 2016) Daghooghi, Mohsen
This paper presents self-propelled swimming simulations of a foldable structure, whose folded configuration is a box. For self-locomotion through water the structure unfolds and undulates. To guide the design of the structure and understand how it should undulate to achieve either highest speed or maximize efficiency during locomotion, several kinematic parameters were systematically varied in the simulations: the wave type (standing wave versus traveling wave), the smoothness of undulations (smooth undulations versus undulations of rigid links), the mode of undulations (carangiform: mackerel-like versus anguilliform: eel-like undulations), and the maximum amplitude of undulations. We show that the swimmers with standing wave are slow and inefficient because they are not able to produce thrust using the added-mass mechanism. Among the tested types of undulation at low Reynolds number (Re) regime of ${Re}\,\approx \,300$ (Strouhal number of about 1.0), structures that employ carangiform undulations can swim faster, whereas anguilliform swimmers are more economic, i.e., using less power they can swim a longer distance. Another finding of our simulations is that structures which are made of rigid links are typically less efficient (lower propulsive and power efficiencies and also lower swimming speed) compared with smoothly undulating ones because a higher added-mass force is generated by smooth undulations. The wake of all the swimmers bifurcated at the low Re regime because of the higher lateral relative to the axial velocity (high Strouhal number) that advects the vortices laterally creating a double row of vortices in the wake. In addition, we show that the wake cannot be used to predict the performance of the swimmers because the net force in each cycle is zero for self-propelled bodies and the pressure term is not negligible compared to the other terms.
The ﬁsh tail motion forms an attached leading edge vortex
(Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 2013) Daghooghi, Mohsen
The tail (caudal fin) is one of the most prominent characteristics of fishes, and the analysis of the flow pattern it creates is fundamental to understanding how its motion generates locomotor forces. A mechanism that is known to greatly enhance locomotor forces in insect and bird flight is the leading edge vortex (LEV) reattachment, i.e. a vortex (separation bubble) that stays attached at the leading edge of a wing. However, this mechanism has not been reported in fish-like swimming probably owing to the overemphasis on the trailing wake, and the fact that the flow does not separate along the body of undulating swimmers. We provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence of the vortex reattachment at the leading edge of the fish tail using three-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations of self-propelled virtual swimmers with different tail shapes. We show that at Strouhal numbers (a measure of lateral velocity to the axial velocity) at which most fish swim in nature (approx. 0.25) an attached LEV is formed, whereas at a higher Strouhal number of approximately 0.6 the LEV does not reattach. We show that the evolution of the LEV drastically alters the pressure distribution on the tail and the force it generates. We also show that the tail's delta shape is not necessary for the LEV reattachment and fish-like kinematics is capable of stabilising the LEV. Our results suggest the need for a paradigm shift in fish-like swimming research to turn the focus from the trailing edge to the leading edge of the tail.

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